Sociological Understanding of Manipur Violence

     

The Real cause of Conflict

          

          A high court direction to the state government on the inclusion of Meiteis in the Scheduled Tribes category is the latest cause of the violent situation. Seeking an ST tag, the Meiteis have said they are facing difficulties due to “large-scale illegal immigration by Myanmarese and Bangladeshis”. The tribals, including Nagas, Zomis, and Kukis, have opposed this and held protests to “protect tribal interests”.

Social causes for violence

1.Institutionalization of communal bodies in state - which are backed by political parties.

2.Identity crisises - fear that grating ST status to meitei tribes would encroach upon thier rights, resources and threaten thier identity and culture

3.Cultural chavuinism and communal chivalry - notion of stigmatization and stereotypical prejudice that being attached to minorities like Pangals ( muslims )

4.State failure - union government failure to close peace talk,security lapse and intelligence failure 

5.Death of civil society - limited civil society space gradually been replaced by loosely organised violent crowds that engage in mob Lynch

5.Drug trafficking and cross border crime - the proximity to the golden triangle made Manipur vulnerable, this illegal activities fuel violence and social unrest in the region 

6.Relative deprivation - high unemployment rates and inadequate access of basic services

7.Identity politics - political power based on ethnic identities have contributed to inter-ethnic tensions and conflict.

8.Separatist insurgency - Meiteis who felt thier identification with Hindu india brought them no political and economic benefits

9.Ethnic strife and religious divide  - entire state policy remains polarised along ethnic lines and locals perceive that domination by outsiders is largely affecting thier social growth

10.Ethnic sub-nationalism - ethnic allegiance and identity have historically been in conflict with mainstream nationalism.

        🔸Consolidation efforts by different tribal entities are creating subterranean pressures 

Social implications of Manipur violence 

1.Resurgence of ultra-nationalistic tendencies - open confrontation can be seen between Meitei nationalsim and Naga ultra-radicalism.

2.Erosion of social fabric - inter-ethnic tensions fear and mistrust among communities have deepened, hindering social cohesion

3.Humanitarian crisis - violence induced displacement and sense of insecurity.

4.Political instability in state, brain drain and youth disillusionment

5.Weakening social cohesion and harmony - shoot st sight order , curfew and bandhas it distrupt the social order 

6.Weakening of composite culture - recent ethnic violence in Manipur remind that such wide integration is not as complete as beloved.

Jatin Jain AIR-91 UPSC CSE 2022 - Talking about One liner sociology

Myself, Jatin Jain I've secured AIR 91 in UPSC CSE 2022 with sociology as Optional. I have score 280 marks in sociology (146 in paper 2). One liner sociology channel and I have used selectively for the sociological Analysis of contemporary Issues and used that examples and keywords in paper 2 , and that had added values to my answer and I got good marks in paper 2. 

JATIN JAIN AIR-91 UPSC CSE - 2022

       Especially madhu v gowda sir the way of you connect the contemporary issues in sociology is amazing, best wishes to you Thank you sir 👍

Sources referred by Jatin Jain 

Sociological Analysis on Kantara Movie

1.Indigenous belief of Tulunadu tribal sanatana civilization - it reclaiming our civilization roots. 

2.Sacred and profane - Emile Durkheim in his " the elementary forms of religious life " says sacred things including religious beliefs rites anything like God spirit, a rock, a tree, a piece of wood. Therefore sacred things must be symbols - Wild boar which is symbol of the lands and forests in kantara.

       Profane - profane when the men choose to consider it's utilitarian values and not the instrumental values - King descendent has become greedy.

3.Question the legitimacy of the state - Eternal battle between development and conservation of forest environment, between community and state control. Community didn't enjoy ( legal lag ) any it's traditional rights 

4.Deep rooted feudalism - the villages landlord try to grab the village land which one his descendants 

5.Totemism - there were a set of rituals and practices which take place around this totem - powerful king searches for solace far and wide he eventually finds it in a small statues in a forest 

6.Rationalising the nature and man conflict - kantara reclaim the holistic balance between mother nature and human activity through age old traditions and culture

7.Identity crisis - local communities need to identify themselves as sacred custodians of the environment 

8.Symbolic three-way conflict - between the secular state ( represented by the unbelieving forest officer ) the faithful majority ( the descendants of the tribe ) traditional remnant of the old order ( the extractive landlord who nonetheless abides by communicating rules ) 

9.Rural Renaissance and representing cultural diversity - kantara try to depects the every village of India has a ritual of thier own which believes in natural deity that protects thier livelihoods.

10.Kantara also explore some serious issues like caste discrimination and presence of untouchability.

               if you think in the context of Bharat’s ancient beliefs of Hindu religious rituals, traditions and customs, every part of this country is bound by a common thread of devotion. That is the call of divinity Kantara has evoked in the majority.

Intergenerational marriage - sociological Perspectives

1.Social stereotypes - sometimes society disapproval differently aged spouses.

2.Contractualization of marriage for Visa, residence and agreements etc.

3.Conflunet love - according to giddens today relationship are based on compatibility, companionship and emotional support rather than traditional roles. 

4.cougar phenomenon - used to refer to middle aged women engaging in age-hypogamous sexual relationships.

5.Social acceptance of divergence in traditional relationship conventions due to westernization and globalization.

6.commercialization - dating website, parties annual meeting cruises organized for men interested in yougher women.

7.Social and demographic change - increased life expectancy in welfare socities hat not only resulted in increased common life time of parents but also in the increased existence of families with three and four generations.

8.beanpole family - is a multi-generational extended family, this means that there are many different generations within the family that have few siblings in each generation.

9.increase in rates of divorce and remarriage - due to changing the stracture of inter-generational marriage.

Delhi University professor Ashika cheturvedi Talking about One-liner sociology

 Thanks dear brother..

     First for helping me to get respondent in my Ph.D. work,, Secondly I have been following you for past one year, and the way you make Sociology connective to contemporary era, help a lot in my interview.....

Now I am placed as Assistant Professor (Permanent) in one of the college of Delhi University, Before this i was selected in UP higher education service commission too. in a way credit goes to you too for making this path easier. Especially madhu sir the way of you explain is amazing, best wishes to you Thank you sir 👍

Bro culture - in workspace - Sociological Analysis

In the workplace bro culture is where male employees are seen as the default and female as an aberration, which leads to misogynistic and discriminatory behaviour. The gender pay gap and sexual harassment at work cases are proof that it still exists. 

     Bro culture isn't a new phenomenon. Since the dawn of capitalism bro culture has existed.

1.Familiarity bias contributes to the exclusion of other minority groups and women 

2.Several accusations of sexual harassment and discrimination of employees within bro culture companies

3.Gender pay gap - persists such as tech industry, are heavily male dominated. The resultant "boys club" type of company culture that is formed can be very difficult for outsiders to infiltrate.

 

4.Hegemonic masculinity - based on beer, sports, and womanizing. Bro culture tells men that if they do respect women, they are not real men 

5.Legitimises and degradation of women - sexual assault and harassment are frequent in stand up comedies which one is conducted frequently in tech industries.

6.Bro culture undervalues and alienated women and reinforces outdated, traditional gender roles. 

Local jobs law by states - sociological Perspectives

1.Feminist Perspective - patriarchal culture inhibits interstate mobility of women, local jobs would help in thier economic emancipation.

2.Sub-altern - reduction in distressed inter-state migration.

       According to Rajni kothari - positive regionalism helps reinforcing federalism 

3.Reservation will act as a safety valve to reduce pressure developed out of regional deprivation.

4.Informalization of work - due to retraction of companies from the states because of less choice for hiring skilled labour and poor.

5.Reduced social mobility - of those not finding relevant job opportunities in thier own state.

6.Relative deprivation and rise is social conflicts.

         Ramachandra Guha - opinion that in a deeply divided society such as ours some form of reservation is need necessary. Indian born in caste historically denied access to quality education do need special care and support

7.State induced regionalism - weakening of the feeling of nationalsim and rise of secessionist tendencies.

8.Regional and cultural disintegration - avoidance of mixing up of cultures.

9.concept of Nation-state - these laws raise questions on the conception of India as a nation. 

10.denied of the constitutional rights - india as one nation with all citizens having equal rights to live travel and work anywhere in the country.

Helicopter parenting - Sociological perspective

Helicopter parenting refers parents who constantly hover over thier child and are deeply involved in each aspect of thier children education, extra curricular activities and free time 

     The term "helicopter parent" was first used in Dr. Haim Ginott's 1969 book Between Parent & Teenager by teens who said their parents would hover over them like a helicopter. Similar terms include "lawnmower parenting," "cosseting parent," or "bulldoze parenting."

Family differentiation theory - the balance of family interaction is important for healthy development of child when the interpersonal boundaries are blurred the sense of autonomy and individuality does not build up. 

Self determination theory - encompasses theree different elements, competence, autonomy and social belongingess.

1.Hover parenting or intensive parenting - traditional urban indian family cherishes and protect their children especially sons with what relentless physical ministrations.

2.Social change - new technologies and competitors keep disrupting the market forcing people to adapt to survive. 

3.deprive of self-efficacy - Depression, anxiety, stress and in extreme cases , self harm. 

4.Gender stereotypes - females are more likely than males to be helicopter parented 

5.Socio-economic status - it plays influncial role in who is helicopter parented - middle or working class families might not be able to afford music lessons and other extra curricular activities that upper class families can that give.

7.Decreased self esteem, confidence and sense of entitlement 

8.Proxy decision making - parental autonomy granting  leads to immature coping skills and low frustration tolerance.

9.Faulty socialization  - parenting behaviours and style plays important role in children social and emotional development 

10.poor self regulations - leads a Alienation from peers and a lack of trust among peers. 

Sociological perspectives on Gargi Movie - Child sexual abuse

Gargi isn't that kind of a film, and that is its inherent strength. It is the story of the eponymous protagonist, who fights the system to save her father from a child rape case that she believes he's wrongly accused in. She takes on the justice system, media and a judgmental society to see it through

Child sexual abuse (CSA) can be defined as any sexual act committed by an adult on a child for the purpose of the adult's gratification.

Structural-functional perspective:- the origin of rape is found in the lack of solid social structure and social integration both in the family and in peer groups...

Conflict perspective:- the origin of rape is found in the stress caused by the competition of families for prestige..

Feminist perspective:- the origin of rape is found where the society is constructed image of gender imbalances, male domination over women causes of rape proliferation in society

Forms of child sexual abuse 

1. Sexual Molestation: Usually not physically stressful to the child. It includes petting,fondling, kissing, mutual masturbation, verbal sexual abuse and innuendo.

2. Rape: In Indian society rape is categorized by penile penetration with or without consent of the female if she is under sixteen years of age.

3. Incest: Incest is any sexual activity between close relatives (often within the immediate family) irrespective of the ages of the participants and irrespective of their consent, that is illegal, social taboo or contrary to a religious norm.

4. Commercial Sexual Exploitation (CSE): Essentially the prostitution of children and quite often also includes the trafficking of children.

5. Pornography: This method is steadily on the increase. It involves the use of children to produce pornographic material.

6. Sex Tourism: Involves the use of children for sexual gratification. Very common along the 

southern and south-western regions of India.

7. Net Crimes: Gives information on how to access children who have been forced into sexual activity from around the world.

Social Factors behind child sexual abuse 

1.differentiate gender socialization for boys and girls 

2.sexualization of children ( technology has exposed children to all kinds of violent behaviour , criminal ideology and porn movies )

3.. Bare Branches phenomenon:-Most violent crime like rape is committed by young unmarried males who lack stable social bonds. 

4.objectification of women bodies Ex- advertisement social media,movies .

5.toxic masculinity :-men are in charge of the sexuality of women and thier sense of honour depends on this control being socially accepted as legitimate.

5.Crisis of Institutions: Secularisation and decrease in morality and values in society has led to increase in child abuse. Eg: increasing child pornography etc.

Consequences of child sexual abuse :-

1.Suicidal thoughts ( cambell- rape is social problem that could easily lead to suicide or suicidal attempt)

2.isolated from mainstream ( it limits activity of children )

3.stigamatized by society ( rejected by community, friends)

4.rise of vigilante justice ( ex: Hyderabad encounter )

5.Easily prone to suicides • Leads to fatalistic suicide due to excess regulation and egoistic suicide due to lack of social integration. (Emile Durkheim)

6.Rise of low trust system due to increasing crimes on children - Leads to restricted social interaction and socialisation (regulation by family)

7.Rise of new social institutions • Child care , Child Protection Organisation

Sociological analysis on Tribal land alienation

       Breakdown of the relative isolation of tribal areas in the name of development and progress has been accompanied by a continuous process by which Adivasis have been systematically displaced from thier traditional habitats 

Routes to alienation 

                    Land alienation among tribes began during British colonialism in india when the British intervened in the tribal zone to plunder tribal natural resources. when outsiders abuse the tribes land and resources, the tribal ecology and tribal life is severely disrupted.

1.development induced displacement - Xaxa committee report says all people displaced in india due to development activity only 21% of these have been resettled.

"Adivasis have been subject to utmost injustice and social exclusion. It still continues, though not openly"

2.state failure - community land of tribal communities recorded as govt land in survey + poor distribution of govt wastelands.

3.creation of national parks resulting in alienation of rights and consequent displacement and forced migration of tribal peoples.

4.Economic poverty of tribals and indebtedness - further marginalization and pauperisation 

5.legal lag - govt failure to providen land records to the tribe and lack of proper legal recognition of tribes over the forest land 

6.Changing local structures of powers and land rights structure in tribal societies is different from what it is in other societies.

7.concept of private property in land also adversely affected tribals 

8.Tribal elite cornering benefits

9.Excessive dependence of tribal communities on land for their income and employment makes land alienation and landlessness a major livelihood concern of the tribes. 

10.lack of social relations outside the closely knit centered society. Displacement leads to disruption in family life and to loss of social network.

11.Unawareness of forest act, illiteracy and poverty - absense of baking facilities in tribal areas 

UPPSC Topper Manish Kumar Talking about One Liner Sociology

Manish Kumar - Selected as NayabTahsildar ( Uppsc 2020)

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